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Over time, Apple has introduced a variety of devices that appeal to our sense of individuality and in our need to connect with other individuals and to our world.ģ. Ever since Apple’s 1984 Super Bowl commercial, customers have seen Apple as creating technology that appeals to our individuality.Ģ. An example of a reverse outlineįor example: say you are writing a paper for an engineering class in which you are exploring the concept of how humans learn to trust technology through individual consumer choices, and your research involves analyzing several television commercials for Apple computers and products.ġ. Are your paragraphs too long? Too short?īy comparing total paragraphs to total pages, you can learn your average paragraph length and more easily spot paragraphs that are unusually long or short. By dividing its topics into two or more paragraphs, each one discussing a more focused topic or set of topics, you may be able to ensure that your reader follows your meaning. If one item on your reverse outline discusses more topics than other paragraphs, that may be a paragraph your reader will struggle to follow. Does one paragraph juggle several topics? If your reverse outline shows two paragraphs that make similar points, consider combining them or revising one so that it does not make too similar a point. Do several of your paragraphs repeat one idea? You can use a reverse outline to review a paper’s organization or structure and then make strategic choices for rearranging the paper on a paragraph-by-paragraph basis, or for adding or removing paragraphs to improve organization. Where might a reader have trouble following the order of your ideas?
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These topic shifts may signal that you need to revise certain paragraphs in you draft to be sure they relate back to your main idea, or they may inspire you to revise your main idea so it takes on some of the new points these paragraphs suggest.īy viewing the structure of your paper from the vantage of a reverse outline, you can make productive decisions about whether to keep certain paragraphs or cut them from a draft.
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Many writers find that new ideas or topics appear near the end of a reverse outline. Does every item on your list relate back to your main point? Your reverse outline will help you think more effectively about your paper’s focus: its big picture. Use your reverse outline to answer questions Does every paragraph relate back to your main idea? Number your list for ease of reference.Otherwise, write a one-sentence summary to express the main point of the paragraph. If a paragraph’s topic sentence provides a succinct version of the paragraph’s argument, you can paste that sentence into the outline as a summary for that paragraph. Construct the outline by listing the main idea of each paragraph in your draft in a blank document.You can use a partial draft to review the organization of the paragraphs you have written so far. Start with a complete draft to have a fuller picture of the plan you carried out.See where readers might be tripped up by your organization or structure.Discover places to expand on your evidence or analysis.A reverse outline allows writers to read a condensed version of what they wrote, and provides one good way to examine and produce a successful paper. Your reverse outline provides a bullet-point view of your paper’s structure because you are looking at the main points of the paper you wrote.Įxperienced writers, especially when writing longer papers about a complex subject, need ways to test their drafts for the logical sequence of points: its structure. Reverse outlining is a process whereby you take away all of the supporting writing and are left with a paper’s main points or main ideas, sometimes represented by your paper’s topic sentences. Many writers use a reverse outline to check their work.